REPRESENTATIVE AUTHORS Donald Barthelme (1931-1989)ĭonald Barthelme Jr. This speech outlines the essence of Postmodernism in all its forms: the mixing, the disintegration, and the instability of identities. For me, a symbol of that state is a Bedouin mounted on a camel and clad in traditional robes under which he is wearing jeans, with a transistor radio in his hands and an ad for Coca-Cola on the camel's back. This state of mind or of the human world is called postmodernism. New meaning is gradually born from the encounter, or the intersection, of many different elements. They are periods when there is a tendency to quote, to imitate, and to amplify, rather than to state with authority or integrate. These are periods when all consistent value systems collapse, when cultures distant in time and space are discovered or rediscovered. The distinguishing features of such transitional periods are a mixing and blending of cultures and a plurality or parallelism of intellectual and spiritual worlds. In a speech at Independence Hall in Philadelphia on July 4, 1994, Vaclav Havel, then president of the Czech Republic, said: Still, while some believe that her career is a setback for feminist movement, others believe that she opened the doors to a wider acceptance of female and human sexuality.) (In her openly sexual music and music videos she broke down the limits of sexuality and femininity.
As time progressed, more and more individuals added their voices to this list: Julia Kristeva, Susan Sontag, and, in popular culture, Madonna. The Marxist critics, Fredric Jameson and Terry Eagleton, who saw a major shift in the social and economic world as a part of the postmodern paradigm, were beginning their creative careers. and Alain Robbe-Grillet were published Ishmael Reed was writing his poetry. The beginning of space exploration with the launch of Sputnik in 1957, culminating in the 1969 landing of men on the moon, marks a significant shift in the area of science and technology.Īt the same time, Jacques Derrida presented his first paper, Of Grammatology (1967), outlining the principles of deconstruction. In 1968 it reached an early zenith with the intense student protests in the United States and France, the war for independence in Algeria, and the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia.
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It took full flight in the 1960s in the face of global social and political unrest. The postmodernist is concerned with imprecision and unreliability of language and with epistemology, the study of what knowledge is.Īn exact date for the establishment of Post-modernism is elusive, but it may be said to have begun in the post- World War II era, roughly the 1950s. For postmodernists this took the guise of being self-conscious, experimental, and ironic. What sets Postmodernism apart from its predecessor is the reaction of its practitioners to the rational, scientific, and historical aspects of the modern age. Post-modernism came about as a reaction to the established modernist era, which itself was a reaction to the established tenets of the nineteenth century and before. But these are not easily separated into discrete units with specific dates as centuries or presidential terms are limited. Just as the name implies, it is the period that comes after the modern period. Postmodernism is the name given to the period of literary criticism that developed toward the end of the twentieth century.
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